This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Describe how biotransformation facilitates elimination of toxicants. The final compounds have a larger molecular weight. Lupanine is a plant toxin contained in the wastewater of lupine bean processing industries, which could be used for semisynthesis of various novel high addedvalue compounds. Biotransformation pathways drug metabolism reactions have been divided into two classes. Comparison of the biotransformation and hepatotoxicity of halothane and deuterated halothane. View the rest of my pharmacology videos in order be. Drug biotransformation an overview sciencedirect topics. Chapters 2 and 3 deal with the chemistry of drug biotransformation, describing both phase i asynthetic and phase ii synthetic biotransformations and the enzymes that mediate them. Functional medicine universitys functional diagnostic medicine training program module 6. Catabolic reactions include oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. On top of that, biotransformation can occur when drugs undergo further metabolic steps following conjugation, including things like covalent binding to dna and proteins.
For many drugs, metabolism via cyp450 is the first phase of drug biotransformation, as noted. Phase i reactions involve hydrolysis, reduction, and oxidation. Distinguish between phase i and phase ii reactions. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. These reactions involve covalent attachment of small hydrophilic endogenous molecule such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, or glycine to form watersoluble compounds, that are more hydrophilic. These same drugs frequently pass through a phase ii biotransformation reaction. Phase i of biotransformation is mediated by inducible cytochrome p450 dependent. Biotransformation definition is the transformation of chemical compounds within a living system. The physiology and biochemistry of biotransformation. Biotransformation definition of biotransformation by.
Explain the role of biotransformation in toxicokinetics. Further details of the structural features, mechanisms of action in biotransformation, and regulation of enzymes appear in chapter 4. Basic concepts 4 interaction with these enzymes may change the toxicant to either a less or a more toxic form. Biotransformation is the metabolic conversion of endogenous and xenobiotic chemicals to more watersoluble compounds xenobiotic biotransformation is accomplished by a limited number of enzymes with broad substrate specificities. Biotransformation of organic xenobiotics normally proceed in a first step of oxidation phase i that introduces a reactive group in the xenobiotic, and a second step of conjugation phase ii with a nontoxic endogenous metabolite that yields an excretable product. Sipes ig, gandolfi aj, pohl lr, krishna g, brown br jr. The college expects their trainees to know all about phase i and phase ii reactions.
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